Research conducted at the Great Lakes Forestry Centre in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, has raised fresh concerns about an invasive insect that is gradually approaching the Canadian border. According to Amanda Roe, a research scientist with Natural Resources Canada at the forestry centre, recent findings indicate that the spotted lanternfly and its eggs are resilient to extremely cold temperatures, surviving as low as -25 degrees Celsius. This resilience suggests that winter conditions may not be sufficient to thwart the spread of this harmful pest into parts of Canada, particularly in regions where its impact could be significant.
The spotted lanternfly, an invasive species originating from Asia, is a destructive insect that feeds by piercing trees and plants with straw-like mouthparts to extract sap. First detected in the United States in 2014, it has swiftly expanded across the eastern U.S., establishing populations in at least 19 states, including Michigan and New York, as well as communities along Lake Erie.
Olivier Morin, a plant health survey biologist at the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, highlighted that the spotted lanternfly poses a threat to over 100 plant species, with grape production expected to be particularly impacted. In infested regions of the U.S., vineyards and agricultural operations have suffered significant losses due to the insect’s feeding habits, which can reduce crop yields and weaken plants. Additionally, the insect excretes honeydew, a sugary waste that promotes mold growth and coats surfaces.
Amanda Roe emphasized that the spotted lanternfly’s appetite extends to maple trees, which has drawn concern from Canada’s maple syrup industry. The Ontario Maple Syrup Association has been monitoring the insect’s spread for three years to assess potential risks to maple syrup production. The uncertainty surrounding the impact of the spotted lanternfly on maple trees is troubling, especially as the insect’s populations are just beginning to encroach on areas vital for maple syrup production.
Despite current research on the insect’s cold tolerance, Roe cautioned that invasive species like the spotted lanternfly have the ability to adapt to new environments over time, potentially expanding beyond their current boundaries. Olivier Morin emphasized that human activities play a significant role in the insect’s spread, as spotted lanternflies are adept hitchhikers, often traveling long distances by attaching themselves to vehicles, cargo, and outdoor equipment. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency has intercepted spotted lanternflies on various shipments and vehicles arriving from the U.S., highlighting the need for vigilance in preventing the establishment of populations in Canada.
Morin urged individuals who come across a spotted lanternfly to document it, capture the insect if possible, and report it to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. While the arrival and spread of the spotted lanternfly in Canada are anticipated, efforts are underway to mitigate its impact and delay its establishment as much as possible.